U.S. Economy Grew by 2.3% in First Quarter, Easing Slightly

Apr 27, 2018 · 51 comments
Ted (Illinois)
I am looking forward to Trump congratulating himself on slowing down the economy
irdac (Britain)
With the low value of the minimum wage and the trivial amount the majority of taxpayers got from the tax bill designed for the benefit of the super rich, it is hardly surprising that growth is lower than it could be. The article seeks to blame the Inland Revenue Service but even if the IRS had been perfect the tax bill ensured that tax reductions for the middle class were minimalist. Trade unions used to provide protection for many industrial workers incomes and forced other employers to pay more to get employees but every effort is being made to eliminate the few that still exist .
olimpya (mexico)
as long as the president of the united states does not have the negotiation of the Treaty of the lible trade with the other countries, the economy of his country will not flow very well. The first quarterly calculation is far from the promise of US President Donald Trump to bring economic growth at an annual rate of 3%, driven by a huge fiscal stimulus plan that includes notable tax cuts for companies and, in lesser measure, the workers.
Human (Maryland)
Is anyone factoring in the effect of the mid-cohort of baby boomers who are retiring or taking Medicare as we speak. The birth years 1952-1955 were huge with 1953 the largest and 1954 in second place. This year 1952 is eligible for full social security and 1953 is eligible for Medicare. The bulge going through the snake’s belly continues through 2021. How does this affect growth when these folks are downsizing? Was this factored in when the tax cut was passed? If this was not considered when the deficit was ballooned due to the tax cut, then Congress and the President are blind, deaf, and dumb. This has to affect growth projections. Any strain on the deficit would have happened anyway when these cohorts turned 65 and 66. But did anyone think it through when constructing policy and the policy’s timing?
Doug Rife (Sarasota, FL)
The baby boomers have not been retiring at the same rate as prior generations. In fact, labor participation for those over the age of 55 has remained nearly constant at 40% since the end of the great recession. Prime age participation has been rising the last few years. What's been going on here is that the great recession caused a lot of people including many baby boomers to leave the workforce and even though some are returning 10 years later there are still quite a few out there who would join the workforce if economic growth picked up. It's a mistake to look only at the demographics and not consider the large drop in labor participation that resulted from the great recession. We are still living in its shadow 10 years after it officially ended. Consider also that many baby boomers have little savings and even with Social Security they need to continue working to make ends meet. Also, others don't want to retire and boomers are in better health than prior generations so they are able to continue working. All of these factors mean the economy's growth potential is much higher than many economists had predicted based on simple demographics arguments.
APO (JC NJ)
Where is the magical pink pony and flowers economy - it did not take long for the ecomomy to head south did it ?
Nancy (Massachusetts)
The blip is named trump.
Diogenes (Belmont MA)
This article deals with two problems: inequality and low growth. The first is easy to understand if not cope with. It is a function of capitalism, especially neo-liberal capitalism, which produces vast differences between winners and losers. To reduce such vast differences would require re-distribution of tax burdens and other resources, which is not politically feasible at this time, because of the power of the winners. The problem of low growth is much harder to understand. It may be due to lack of investment in new capital. It may be due to a slowing of the rate of new inventions and technologies. A study of the history of recent economic history might help illuminate the problem.
John Joseph Laffiteau MS in Econ (APS08)
With growth in GDP falling to 2.3% in the first quarter of 2018 from about 3.0% for the preceding three quarters; then workers' productivity metrics for the first quarter of 2018 should also be tamped down. With productivity crudely defined as: (Worker output/Number of workers), and using growth in GDP as a measure of worker output, with GDP growth slipping to +2.3% from +3.0%, this may help explain the lack of wage gains in the recent DOL employment reports. Say, March's disappointingly small addition of only 103,000 payroll jobs could be partially explained by the poor productivity metrics, when derived in this manner. What is to be expected for the DOL's release of its April 2018 jobs data next Friday at 8:30 a.m.? {JJL 04/27/2018 F 2:35 p.m. Greenville NC]
Angie (Minneapolis)
I have built my career as an income tax attorney planning for individuals, trusts, estate, and closely held business. I have run the numbers, the impact is below. I have projected out the incomes of clients and their future tax burden until most of the individual cuts expire on 12/31/2025. The results are very good for my clients. My clients are wealthy by any measure. They will save money on income taxes every year under the new tax bill. But with a few tweeks to their assets, they will save hundreds of thousands of dollars more. They can afford to restructure how the hold assets and what their taxable income is comprised off. The tax bill is exceptionally good for them. Personally, the new tax bill results in my family owing more income taxes. Our annual income tax bill has gone up almost $6,000. That hurts. We are not wealthy, that is not an amount that is easy to absorb in our budget. This increase has occurred because we no longer get to benefit from all of the state and local income taxes and loss of the personal exemption. Our mortgage interest barely gets us over the threshold to itemized our deductions and results in an inconsequently amount of taxes savings. If you want to know why consumer spending has gone down, these two examples are direct evidence of why. The wealthy do not spend extra money when the receive it, they save it. When the other 99% of us receive more money we spend it on healthcare, education, homes, services, etc.
EBD (USA)
Showing - once again - at the expense of the little guy, that there is no trickle down in that well dis-proven economic theory that the GOP continues to want us to buy into.
Ray (Houston, Texas)
Lower growth was anticipated but not this soon. We have part of $200 B spent in damage recovery and we only see a 2.3% growth. Someone needs to review the facts and relate it to the tax debacle that must be corrected this year or we can not avoid a recession in 2019 falling into a depression in 2020. We are facing the products of economic chaos planted by 9 years of Republicanism failures to support necessary spending and their asccendance in a stolen election. Rupert Murdock, the Koch brothers, and 1400 billionaires are toasting their success. The economic fallout of their tax gift will allow them to buy up the remaining 20% of assets at $.10 on the dollar.
dr. ck (planet earth)
You write as if you BELIEVE Trump's ridiculous assumptions about tax cuts and growth!
Casey (Memphis,TN)
Conservative economic policy - give money to the rich, take money from the poor, and saddle your children with bigly debt. Only a fool would vote for a conservative, and apparently there are a lot of fools in the United States.
Ray L Johnson (Chatt Hills, Georgia)
I remember that the White Papers, of the United Nations, limiting the number of Israeli citizens who could emigrate into Gaza at 50,000. It is my understanding that the number has been greatly exceeded. Is this not one of the root causes of the territory war? The martyrdom is so sad. We have plenty of just the right kind of vacant land in Wyoming.
Cooofnj (New Jersey)
Plenty of room in Alaska too.
Bryan (Washington)
The economy slowed in in the first quarter due the vaunted Trump tax cuts? All of the hype in the world does not change the ugly fact; consumers (workers) got a very, very small portion of the tax cuts while inflation rates rose and interest rates rose. I know if is imperative that the money people get on this and keep the mantra going claiming this may be just a 'blip'; however, I think consumers know exactly what occurred. The Republicans over-promised results for the 'average taxpayer' and under-delivered on results for those very same people. The economy is never to sustain the projected growth rate expected, and needed, to pay for this economic debacle. That is the reality that many of us knew at the time and are now witnessing in real time.
c harris (Candler, NC)
Choke off the recovery too quick? The Republicans in Congress tried the entire Obama administration to tank the economy for political purposes. Now they have power and have run up a trillion dollars more in debt to help their political friends. The Trump run up of the stock market was built off Quantitative Easing which the Rs screamed about during the Obama years. Not much has been done to help income growth for most Americans since the mentality of the wealthiest in the country has not changed and they run the Republican Party.
McGloin (Brooklyn)
The real question is, when the tax cuts for the the mega rich actually reduce average economic growth, again, will the "party of personal responsibility" actually take personal responsibility for the disaster they created? Will Democrats hold them accountable and actually fight for a demand driven economy, or will Chuck Schumer and the centrist Democrats keep calling for corporate tax cuts, while not even pretending to care about workers? Will mass news draw the obvious connection between tax cuts and slow growth, or will they continue to regurgitate the lie that supply side economics needs yet another chance (against decades of evidence) because it is good for their shareholders and CEOs? The answer is that by the time the effects of the tax cuts are obvious, Democrats will be in power, and will dutifully take responsibility for the decline, even though they got no legislation passed. They will take the blame for the massive debt and the low growth, just like Obama did. Demand accountability for the results of their tax cut, or they will just do the same thing again.
Doug Rife (Sarasota, FL)
The fact remains that since the end of the great recession growth in real GDP as well as in real consumer spending peaked back in the 2014-15 period and this can even been seen in the chart at the top of this article. That was of course during Obama's second term and after the tax increases of 2012 which were supposed to slow growth according supply side dogma. While GDP did slightly accelerate during 2017 that was only relative to the slowdown of late 2016 which probably had some small effect on the election outcomes. What's more remarkable is the following chart which shows the growth in real consumer spending on a year-over-year basis. During the 2014-15 period when real consumer spending growth peaked so did consumer confidence. The two can also be see rising in tandem. Since 2015 real consumer spending growth has remained remarkably stable at around 2.75% and was not affected in the least by Trump's electoral college win despite the jump in consumer confidence starting November 2016. We know that consumer confidence readings since Trump's election have been extremely polarized with Trump supporters gaining confidence while others not so much. Yet, when it comes to consumer spending there's no corresponding jump as there was in 2014-15. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/fredgraph.png?g=jvkv The GDP report shows real consumer spending rose only 1.1% in Q1 which is a huge slowdown from the 4% growth pace in Q4 of last year; more so than the slowdown in GDP.
Dagwood (San Diego)
The Dow is currently exactly what it was the day Obama left the Office of the Presidency. Yet, in the land of Trump and FoxNews, that economy was horrible, while this one is fantastic. Ignorance and cult membership are so attractive in a voting bloc?
McGloin (Brooklyn)
There was actually a $5.5 trillion tax cut for corporations and their shareholders, paid for with a $4 trillion tax increase on blue state workers. Since the majority of workers are in high tax states, the after tax income of most people will go down, especially after the temporary tax cuts for workers go away. This will hurt demand, which will hurt the economy. Meanwhile the corporations are already doing record breaking stock buybacks, instead of the investment in supply Republicans predicted. The economy grew twice as fast ball when the top individual rate was 70%, and the corporate rate was 50%. Tax rates and average growth have come down together since them, but neither Democrats not corridor media ever point this out. In fact Schumer was for corporate tax cuts. By the way, a little reported provision of the tax deal changed the way inflation is calculated to chained CPI. This will under estimate inflation, which will cause bracket creep as income goes up faster than the official inflation rate used. This will be negligible for shareholders who got huge permanent tax cuts. But for workers this represents a permanent and exponentially growing tax increase.
Chris (Cave Junction)
We agree that we will never pay off the $21 trillion debt, that it will only always grow, and that the trick is just to keep it at a sustainable ratio to GDP. So we have to grow the GDP for all eternity. That is the main argument against a steady state economy, and why we will continue to overpopulate the earth, pollute the atmosphere, land and seas, and suffer regional conflicts fighting over resources. Yeah, we always need some debt on the books, but really, it will be the end of us all if it is not driven back down to the 50% level without having to grow our GDP to get there. Really, when will we ever again substantially pay it off faster than we are today?
McGloin (Brooklyn)
Over the last decade, the FED secretly created trillions of dollars and gave it away to global banks. They could have paid a large hunk of that debt, but gave it to the global mega rich instead. Bernie got legislation padded to audit the FED, and that audit revealed the details. The same people that while all day about debt keep supporting.policies that create debt and move the proceeds to their own pockets. If all of you working class Republicans really believe in greed, can't you at least put that greed to work helping yourself and other working people, instead of crony capitalists? I actually believe that most of you believe you are doing the right thing by rewarding the greed of the mega rich, but when they get tax cuts, they invest it all over the world, not in you. So basically you deny yourself the greed that you admire in billionaires. If greed is good at least be greedy. Our you could realize that the country was doing far better when we were taxing the rich to invest in ourselves.
WGM (Los Angeles)
It is tone deaf for the New York Times to keep cheerleading ‘economic growth’ in such a moribund late 20th century manner. At best this is misleading, at worst, deceptive. To anybody who is been paying attention, what was once a great democracy is morphing into a corporate oligarchy. The real cost of housing, education, and healthcare is beyond the reach of the middle class. The real cost of energy, food, and fuel claims an ever larger portion of the middle class budget. This economy is growing for nobody but the super wealthy top tier of income recipients. Note that I did not say earners. For everybody else, we are in a borderline if not actual recession.
Human (Maryland)
It’s insulting to hear NYT talking about the extra pennies people are getting in their paychecks due to the tax cut that mainly affects the corporate income tax rate. It amounts to little unless one saves it until the end of the year when it might pay for a trip to the grocery store. It’s also bizarre to think that people would do anything else than save after the holidays, when it takes till May to pay off one’s credit cards from the splurge. I mean, duh! The middle class is scraping, scrambling, robbing Peter to pay Paul. Gas prices have risen 40 cents/gal in the last 2 months (I keep a record of fill ups). The last time it was as high as $2.75 (my last fill up) was 3 years ago (just looked in my little notebook in the glove box). So the extra money from the skimpy tax cut is going into the gas tank and getting burned up. Why economists and economic writers can’t appreciate these realities and quit repeating hogwash beats me.
Tom ,Retired Florida Junkman (Florida)
" it is below the stronger 2.9 percent annualized rate recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017, and falls short of President Trump’s goal of at least 3 percent. Most forecasters, however, expect quarterly growth to float around the 3 percent mark for the rest of the year." The NYTimes can't even tell a simple economy story without trying to whack President Trump. Come on NYTimes. You guys are not even talking about the Trump effect on the Korea's, what the heck are you reporters doing there ?
Barry Williams (NY)
Tom ,Retired Florida Junkman: There is no real Trump effect on the Korea's. He just happened to be POTUS when NK perfected their nukes and missiles enough so that they can try to strong-arm concessions, and SK is finally tired of it all and just wants to cuddle back up with their northern family. Wait, wait, there may be a Trump effect, after all. Here's a POTUS they might be able to easily manipulate, as many in the rest of the world have realized (man, those Saudis are pretty slick). One who has isolated the US from some of its staunchest allies, made the rest wary if not disgusted, and cozied up to oligarchs and authoritarians just like Kim. This Koreas activity would have happened whoever was president now. All that changes is the characteristics of the response, and I have no confidence in Trump's crippled, corrupt administration to do it up right. The most we might have to hope for is that they don't screw the pooch royally.
boroka (Beloit WI)
News that are good enough, even if on Trump's watch. Or is it "fake news" b e c a u s e it is on Trump's watch. Intersectional enough yet?
Malcolm MacDowell (Rome)
As usual, the prognostications fail to account for the irrationality of consumers and human behavior.
YogaGal (San Diego, CA)
A blip. Just like the Trump presidency.
Mtnman1963 (MD)
Well, perhaps this is a first glance at the effect of the tax cut law. OR, since economic effects are not separable, and other factors like increased consumer confidence, historically low interest rates, dropping unemployment, rising pressure on wages, increasing housing prices and values, increasing productivity, increasing percentages of workers with advanced degrees, increased worker participation rates, low inflation, unions coming up for air in places, falling regard for the country internationally . . . might be having a similarly unquantifiable impact on it too.
Barry Williams (NY)
Mtnman1963: All of that was happening BEFORE Trump. The Trump effect has been a couple artificial bumps because the greedy see more opportunity for greed under Trump, but mostly everything falls nicely on the curves seen under Obama, extrapolated out. As with all Republican greed-generated legislation (e.g. things like trickle down-based actions such as the tax cut), a small percentage of the population can take great advantage of it, a larger percentage get a little something for a while, but the biggest percentage see nothing but false hope and eventually get shafted when things collapse. Obama started the recovery from the Great Recession. It was coming time to expand on that success and pull in some of the folks who were still hurting. But no, instead we got Trump and the same Republicans who couldn't, or wouldn't, govern since they took control of Congress in 2010 - now unleashed under a Republican president. What did they do first with that power? Try to throw millions off health care insurance. Then a tax bill that enriches the rich and, against all concern for fiscal responsibility, adds $1.5 trillion to the national debt. (And it is NOT a "middle class tax bill".) Infrastructure, which would really put tons of people to good paying work? Nope. Immigration reform, which would have addressed the most glaring problem that Trump ran on? Nope. RECIPROCAL response to an inimical foreign government that attacked, and continues to attack, our democracy? Nope. Sigh...
Vanessa Hall (Millersburg, MO)
Tax cuts for the working class won't even cover the increase that has already occurred in gasoline prices. Those corporate bigwigs got bonuses, so it's okay and things are good, right? Economic growth isn't going to occur without greater demand from that same working class. Without significant wage increases that's just not going to happen. Republicans have sold a bill of goods to the entire country and it will only become more obvious as the calendar ticks along.
McGloin (Brooklyn)
Yes, the real question is, when the tax cuts for the the mega rich actually reduce average economic growth, again, will the "party of personal responsibility" actually take personal responsibility for the disaster they created? Will Democrats hold them accountable and actually fight for a demand driven economy, or will Chuck Schumer and the centrist Democrats keep calling for corporate tax cuts, while not even pretending to care about workers? Will mass news draw the obvious connection between tax cuts and slow growth, or will they continue to regurgitate the lie that supply side economics needs yet another chance (against decades of evidence) because it is good for their shareholders and CEOs? The answer is that by the time the effects of the tax cuts are obvious, Democrats will be in power, and will dutifully take responsibility for the decline, even though they got no legislation passed. They will take the blame for the massive debt and the low growth, just like Obama did. Demand accountability for the results of their tax cut, or they will just do the same thing again.
Margaret (USA)
Don't forget that killing the Iran nuclear deal will drive up those gasoline prices further, and continued threats to the Affordable Care Act will mean another hike in insurance premiums for 2019. I'm assuming a recession will hit sometime between now and this time next year, and am planning accordingly.
Steve (Maryland)
2.3% for the first quarter was a lot better than expected and estimates are around 3% for the rest of the year. So this is really great news. However, we cannot sustain this pace, unless we continue to borrow. And that will doom us in the long term. At some point one has to pay one's bills.
Ensign (Kentucky)
The ludicrous tax cut mostly benefits businesses, who have been busily buying back shares to boost their already inflated prices for the uber rich to swap among themselves. Meanwhile, the middle class marches on to the tune of no wage increases, no benefits, and no retirement savings. But, hey, they can get Amazon packages of paper towels delivered to their cars! Trump's departure from the White House in 2020 will be accompanied by a full-blown debt crisis and a Dow Jones index below 10,000.
F. Hennessy (Boston)
I understand that this is early on in the process but in order for the GOP's 2018 tax cut to "pay for itself" the economy will need to grow by 2.9% annually. If my meager arithmetic skills are working, this means that we'll need to hit an annualized rate of 3.1% over the next 3 q's in order not to be in a hole in year one of these cuts. That might not seem like a real tall order but it looks like the experience of the past three years shows growth from q1 through q3 and then a tanking in q4. And while some will argue that factors such as weather depressed the first quarter's results, a counter argument can be made that the ballyhooed (one time) payments to workers after enactment of the tax bill would have offset those negatives. At the end of the day I think it's inescapable simply given the vagaries of the business cycle that we're gonna see the deficit and national debt expand - something that apparently was problematic only when President Obama was in office and fighting to save the economy and, incidentally capitalism. The inevitable consequence of continuing deficits and growing debt is that programs that the great majority of Americans count on, including federal funding for Medicare Part B (physician and outpatient care) and Part D (the prescription drug benefit) will be "budgetary fat" cut when both parties agree to get serious about the deficit/national debt.
B (Minneapolis)
To justify holding their tax cut to a $1.5 trillion deficit Republicans in Congress (Mitch McConnell) said growth would be 0.4 percentage points higher than the long term average (i.e., 2.9%). The CBO and the Joint Tax Committee both said that a 0.4% increase would not be enough to pay for the tax cut even allowing for $1.5 trillion to be added to the deficit.
Andy (Texas)
Trump promised 4%, not 3%. now we're getting 2.3%. Clearly there is a complete lack of accountability.
Barry Williams (NY)
The government is not the only entity in debt. Many people who have been surviving passably and will now get an extra relative trickle in their paychecks are going to use it to pay down credit cards or other debt, or slide a little extra into savings against the time when the bill comes due for this $1.5 trillion tax cut, if they're even half smart. That means that money isn't getting spent on goods or services. Giving a huge bundle to the rich doesn't get it done - they aren't going to spend any more than they already were, which is never even close to what they have available to spend.
John Davidson (VVermillion, South Dakota)
It is difficult to prove, but it just seems that severe income equality will, finally, be shown to be a drag on the economy, a sea anchor of sorts. Working people are just falling further behind every day. This is an area that economists seem to either ignore or fail to grasp.
Emsig Beobachter (Washington DC)
Economists have been grappling with this question for quite awhile. However, they generally, Paul Krugman aside, don't write in the popular press.
Barry Williams (NY)
John Davidson: I think you meant to say severe income INequality. Yes? Economists don't know how to gauge the effect. I notice that economists tend to ignore what they don't know how to measure, or build in a fudge factor that they think will cover it. I suspect, however, that's a bad idea, because the effect may very well be nonlinear. I suspect that without drastic action soon, that tax cut may have already put us on the road to being past a knee in the curve that we can't recover from without measures that more than negate anything good we think we see right now.
Grindelwald (Boston Mass)
Many economists agree with you that the growing income inequality is very important. They say so frequently, in detail, and cite copious amounts of evidence. I would suggest that you pay more attention to the actual economic credentials of "economic experts" from whom you get advice. The current administration contains few real economists, and certainly very few that care one whit about the plight of working people. The Secretary of the Treasury, Steven Mnuchin, has only a BA from Yale. I'm not certain he has received any formal training in Economics at all, much less professional-level graduate training. According to Wikipedia, his job experience since graduation has been "a film producer and hedge fund manager." The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, Mick Mulvaney, has a B.S. in Foreign Service and a J.D. Again, no mention of any formal training in economics. The list goes on.
Paul (Brooklyn)
In theory this is good ie you don't want recession or overheating GDP numbers. However one month does not mean much. With the rifling of the treasury by republicans and corporations with no spending cuts, the end is near. The only question is when and how bad.
Dan (NYC)
We didn't see an increase in spending after the tax cut because people don't have money to spend. This isn't rocket science. Half the population lives paycheck to paycheck. Covering everyone's Costco membership for the year is pointless if they can't buy anything once they're through the doors. Although it's apparently really hard for the oligarchs and Republican cronies to grasp, a living wage across the board is required if you want to increase consumer spending.
Tired of hypocrisy (USA)
Dan, for those waiting for the Democratic politicians and their cronies to "give" them a living wage I would suggest they work harder! Everything in life is not acquired by politics or through government, contrary to what Democrats think.
Dan (NYC)
Yeah, sure. Federal minimum wage is $7.25. If you work 80 hours a week with no vacations you'll take home a bit over 30k. Pretty solid wage to pay rent and utilities, own and maintain a car, feed and clothe a family (or just yourself). Work harder, slackers, so consumer spending figures can go up.
joyk (Chicago, IL)
I would be more inclined to accept your argument if "working harder" was still valued in America. It isn't. Only worship of "shareholder value" means anything now and has been so for the last 30-35 years. Cutting costs and throwing people out of jobs so the company can increase their stock price and give their investors huge gains that they didn't work for--and lowering their taxes on those gains--that's all that matters now.