The Little-Known Role of Western Economists in Building a Post-Mao China

Jan 25, 2017 · 13 comments
Wind Surfer (Florida)
It is not only China that asked advices from the West. Conservative prime minister Abe of Japan frequently asked advices from American economists like Krugman or Stiglitz. East Asians are more inclusive rather than exclusive when they make crucial decisions.
ed penny (bronx, ny)
This why demoocrats, inengendered by short-sighted partisan aims and post-election loser angst, should stop this retro-Old Cold War spin about Putin Russia, a second rate petrostate of Old Europe, and be responsible statesman and focus on the reality of the number 2, destined to be the 21t century number one economy, China.
Not sure is Trump is brilliant, or just another useful idiot. But US foreign policy has to be Monroe Doctrine 2.0: To wit; the South China Sea is appropriately Bejing's Caribbean and S. America.
The India can carve out what's left of Asia. Europe is Europe which includes Russia (and maybe neo-Ottaman Turkey.)
Unitied States is THE entire Western Hemisphere in a fair virtual federation w. Canada, Mexico, the Caribe, Central and South American "cou-genes" And then in St. Rodney King's prophetic plea:
Maybe then "we can ALL get along" for the world's common good.
Pacem in Terris. On truly cool, not overheated, planet.
Frank (Oz)
folk have been predicting the slow decline of the American era - but now Trump has introduced the FUD factor of isolationist thinking - build a WALL - that'll solve our problems ! ... ? - it looks more like dropping off a cliff.

It would be marvelous if the legendary Art of War - (aka the Art of Deception) - was used by China to pretend, fake, deceive, and finally become the leader of the world simply because a west stupefied by DTrump chose to step back and focus on its own naval for too long.
Emkay (Greenwich, CT)
"The U.S. should seek to remedy China’s unfair trade practices..."

It would be helpful if specifics were given about what trade practices were actually unfair. Donald Trump has announced plans on the Wall like he said he would but has been silent on labeling China a currency manipulator. That's because he doesn't have a case. The Euro has devalued far more than the China Yuan over the last 5 or 10 years. But facts be damned in this new era of optional accountability.
Andre (New York)
Good point... Plus what do we call it when we do quantitative easing??
wsmrer (chengbu)
The major one is government subsidies for exporters, not allowable under WTO agreements but common practice in PRC as is subsidizing production cost in SOEs.
An entertaining accost of a man saving his furniture business when other were disappearing by battling Chinese competitors is in Beth Macy, Factory Man: How One Furniture Maker Battled Offshoring, Stayed Local - and Helped Save an American Town. Send a copy to the White House perhaps.
ted (Anywhere)
When needing help in centralized economy, China opened her mind and heart and listened to the best ideas from the west and implement the free market reform whereas American needing help in declining infrastructure, education, trade deficit, drug addiction, family breakdown, manufacturing, chronic national deficit, and etc. we blame the rest of world for our own failings by close our door elect Donald Trump, purge all intellectuals and create an unbelievable alternative reality show for us to believe.
wsmrer (chengbu)
Julian Gewirtz here is describing the early transformation period in China from a Command Economy to, as Deng Xiaoping called it, a Socialist Market Economy, and the real time interaction of noted western economist with Premier Zhou Ziyang. He could and perhaps does in his book go on to list other leading economic actors in China who picked up Ph. D.s from leading American Universities and returned to leading positions in China e.g. Justin Yifu Lin, Berkeley doctorate, who was appointed as chief economist of the World Bank and then returned to planning activities in the PRC. China is not the closed system some perceive but a good example of an active government role in economic intervention with theoretical underpinnings.

But Victor C Shih, Factions and Finance in China: Elite Conflict and Inflation goes on to document the political battles behind decisions made by Deng and Zhou for those interested and Xi’s current drift toward political retrenchment can be seen perhaps as another ‘Factional Conflict’ in action where politics’ impact economic choice; Theory useful but it never rules.
Andre (New York)
So it seems Trump and Xi are similar. Both trying to turn back the clock. Trump thinks he can turn back to the post war boom when then the US was the only game in town so everyone went along with it. Even today in this very same NY Times there is an article about what those in the know have seen for a couple of years now... The Chinese know there will be greater automation in manufacturing - so rather than fight it - they want to be the ones to develop the most advanced robots. Most here are clueless to that.
Xi for some strange reason wants to draw somewhat back to Mao - when it is clear China began to prosper specifically by turning away from Mao... Very strange. Content citizens is what would actually help him - not trying to re-stifle them after they got used to a loosening. Very strange.
wsmrer (chengbu)
Xi Jinping’s concerns are with preservation of a one party governing system under the CCP but this a far from Mao’s China where creating world revolution in the model of Moscow, home and abroad, was still a theme as was surpassing the west (England in particular), and ending the feudal traditional society and the Four Oldes drove his policies.
What Xi has done is to remind his Leninist party that the press and media in general belongs to the party as it always has and western institutions have no roots in China. This is not a radical transformation and ‘Maoist’ only in repeating his dictates. (His education minister has blown that up in his dictates but little evidence anyone listening.) Xi is not headed toward another Cultural Revolution but is a wise and forceful politician solidifying his faction and expanding China’s national interest rather effectively in an increasingly treacherous world; no need to see this as a zero-sum game for the west as EU and GB know but USA not.
Observer (Canada)
Julian Gerwirtz writes about intellectual exchanges between Chinese officials and international economics experts back in the 1980s, which are not widely known outside of academic circles. Names such as Kornai, Sik, Brus, and even James Tobin are alien to even regular NY Times readers. It is nice to know that Chinese technocrats are eager to learn.

Then Gerwirtz chimes in with the trite criticism of President Xi that allegedly "wall off academia, the media, the professions, the internet and much of society". It is typical liberal echo chambers speak that get Trump elected: a one-sided picture of reality. President Xi just traveled to Davos to hang out with the global "elite insiders" of industry and trade. It is far more likely that China has an ongoing behind the scene dialog with top international experts to this day and pick their brain.

As Chinese people watched the farcical "alternative facts" spread like manure in the open fields of American media by the duly elected President Trump and his cohorts, the prime lesson Chinese leaders learn: Don't repeat the mistake happening in USA! The Western wishful thinking of transforming China into an American style "open society" should remain just that, wishful thinking. The white working class Trump supporters described in JD Vance's book "Hillbilly Elegy" has their counter-parts all over the world, including China. Chinese leaders have to be idiots to relax their great firewall.
ed penny (bronx, ny)
True. But if the 21st century is to be post Adam Smith Capitalist & post Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist-CEO-Maoist-Uncle Ho, then the Workers of the World have to be honestly and ethically Tom Paine Multi-Nationalist, and not a bad dream International nor the as per usual pawns of another Elites' Imperialist domination scheme(s).
In our one world let many peoples nuture in their own terroirs, not as armed terrors--- but, as true Comte alternative, ethically and justly trade/share their disparate and mutually essential blossoms of produce and production, neat Artisanal and/or nice Robotic.
wsmrer (chengbu)
There is some evidence of that in the Millennials take on the world freed from media’s conditioning by the openness of the internet. But it is a small window ….